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Xenophanes
Xenophanes of Colophon (;〔("Xenophanes" ) entry in ''Collins English Dictionary'', HarperCollins Publishers, 1998.〕〔(Sound file )〕 (:ksenopʰánɛːs ho kolopʰɔ̌ːnios); c. 570 – c. 475 BC) was a Greek philosopher, theologian, poet, and social and religious critic. Xenophanes lived a life of travel, having left Ionia at the age of 25 and continuing to travel throughout the Greek world for another 67 years.〔Charles H. Khan ("Xenophanes" ''Who's Who in the Classical World'' ). Ed. Simon Hornblower and Tony Spawforth. Oxford University Press, 2000. ''Oxford Reference Online''. Oxford University Press. 12 October 2011.〕 Some scholars say he lived in exile in Sicily.〔("Xenophanes of Colophon" ) ''The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy''. Simon Blackburn. Oxford University Press, 2008. ''Oxford Reference Online''. Oxford University Press. 12 October 2011.〕 Knowledge of his views comes from fragments of his poetry, surviving as quotations by later Greek writers. To judge from these, his elegiac and iambic〔Early Greek philosophy By Jonathan Barnes Page 40 ISBN 0-14-044461-0〕 poetry criticized and satirized a wide range of ideas, including Homer and Hesiod, the belief in the pantheon of anthropomorphic gods and the Greeks' veneration of athleticism. He is the earliest Greek poet who claims explicitly to be writing for future generations, creating "''fame that will reach all of Greece, and never die while the Greek kind of songs survives.''"〔See p. 123.〕
==Life==
Xenophanes was a native of Colophon and was the son of Orthomenes or, according to others, of Dexius.〔Diogenes Laertius, ix. 18〕 He is said to have flourished during the 60th Olympiad (540-537 BC).〔Diogenes Laertius, ix. 20〕 He was mentioned in the writings of Heraclitus and Epicharmus〔Diogenes Laertius, ix. 1; Aristotle, ''Metaphysics'' (4.1010a )〕 and had himself mentioned Thales, Epimenides, and Pythagoras.〔Diogenes Laertius, ix. 18, i. 23, 111. viii. 36〕 In a fragment of his elegies, he mentions the Median invasion as an event that took place in his time, which may refer to the expedition of Harpagus against the Greek cities in Ionia (546/5 BC). He left his native land as a fugitive or exile and went to the Ionian colonies in Sicily, Zancle and Catana.〔 He may have lived for some time in Elea (founded by the Phocaeans in the 61st Olympiad 536-533 BC), since he wrote about the foundation of the colony.〔Diogenes Laertius, ix. 18, 20; comp. Aristotle, ''Rhetoric'' (2.23.27 )〕 According to the fragments of one of his elegies,〔Diogenes Laertius, (ix. 19 )〕 he had left his native land at the age of 25 and had already lived 67 years in the Greek lands, when, at the age of 92, he composed that elegy.〔
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